The Picture of Dorian Gray Book Review

Oscar Wildes  only novel The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891) is a classic instance of the aestheticism of the late 19th centurys  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Ã¢â‚¬â€¹English literature. The maxim of aestheticism art for arts sake is reflected in the opening of the novel, which specifies arts aim to reveal the art and conceal the artist. For greater emphasis, Wilde defines the artist as free of ethical sympathies and morbidity. Even books are seen as only well written or badly written and not as moral or amoral. Following this prelude on art and beauty, Wilde weaves a  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹plot that explores the issue to its core. The plot of The Picture of Dorian Gray, if seen apart from the wit and epigrams of Lord Henry is serious and, at times, even somber. Dorian Gray is a young and handsome man whose well-off friend Lord Henry takes him to an art-loving painter, Basil Hallward. The painter makes a picture of Dorian Gray, a fascinating piece that makes Dorian wish to stop aging. His wish is fulfilled and the picture starts aging instead of young Dorian. The consequence is a disaster. Oscar Wilde has created an amusing tale that does not end very happily but ends beautifully with our easy-going Lord Henry still chirping. Style and Setting Anyone who has read dramatic fiction (Oscar Wilde in particular) will not find it hard to see the style of the storys narrative as closer to drama than a novel. Wilde is not obsessed with describing settings in detail as a novelist with a constructive bent would be. But the brevity of description is masterfully covered in the warm and witty conversations that fill most of the novel. The epigrams of Lord Henry shoot arrows of gentle satire on different elements of society. Women, America, faithfulness, stupidity, marriage, romance, humanity, and weather are just some of the numerous targets of Wildes criticism, which the readers receive from the sharp but sweet tongue of Lord Henry. The twittering lord is thus made an indelible  character for his ease of expression and his envied indifference. Yet, the author does not rely solely on spoken words to impart his impression. He describes some scenes in words that evoke a vivid image in the readers mind. Perhaps the best of these is Dorian Grays brief journey through the dark and filthy streets that stand in an obtrusive contrast to his luxurious entourage but which also bear a remarkable resemblance to the kind of life he has embraced. Characters in The Picture of Dorian Gray Like his stories and plays, Oscar Wilde does not employ many characters to run the story of his novel. Nearly the entire plot is nucleated around Dorian, Lord Henry, and the artist Basil. Minor characters like the Duchess of Harley serve the purpose of initiating or furthering topics that would ultimately be the butt of Lord Henrys repartees. The character description and motivation are again left mainly to the perceptual capacity of the readers. Wilde is always testing the aesthetics of his readers and the easier you go with his characters disposition, the greater insight you gain. Self-Love and the Vulnerability of Beauty The Picture of Dorian Gray addresses more than one theme. The primary appeal of the subject of beauty, as it appears to eyes, is the main focus of the novel. Wilde reveals the tenderness of self-love, or narcissism, which sometimes fails to find an object outside itself. Dorians beauty, unlike Basils art and Lord Henrys social status, is more vulnerable to decay with time. But it is not this weakness of beauty to age that brings the disaster upon our protagonist. It is the consciousness of the owner of beauty to his own wealth that triggers the boundless fear of perishing--fear that causes his doom. Unlike Lord Henrys ease about his rank, Dorians angst about the ephemeral nature of his beauty is shown as the true enemy of a persons self. The philosophical boundaries of Oscar Wildes The Picture of Dorian Gray are too deep to track to their ends. The novel addresses the issue of self-concept as portrayed in art. Further, it connects a persons emotional response to his/her own image. While Dorian remains young and beautiful, the mere sight of an aging picture of him is unbearably painful. It would be too presumptuous to conclude that The Picture of Dorian Gray is a work of beauty with no moralistic purpose. Wilde was not a moralist (as many of us already know) and within the book, there is not much to emphasize a moral code or right conduct. But the novel, in its covert meaning, is not without a moral lesson. We can easily see that beauty is ephemeral and any attempt to deny this fact is amoral. It brings ruin as shows the case of Dorian Gray.

American Family and Traditions - 6646 Words

COLEGIUL NATIONAL â€Å"RADU GRECEANU† [pic] STUDENT: TEACHER: TÄ‚RÄ‚ÅžILÄ‚ ANCA FLORENTINA POPA LIANA SLATINA 2012 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 3 2. CHAPTER 1: The American Family 4 2.1 A Definition of the Family 4 2.2 What is it Like to be a Young Person in the United States? 4 2.3 Education 5 2.4 The Effects of Divorce in the United States 6 2.5 Interview with an American Teenager 6 3. CHAPTER 2: American Traditions 8 3.1 Christmas Traditions 8 3.2 The Yellow Ribbon 10 3.3 The Window†¦show more content†¦Children in the US start preschool or nursery school at age four or under, kindergarten at five years of age. Schools provide American children with much more than academic education. More than 80 percent of all students participate in extracurricular activities, such as sports, student newspapers, drama clubs, choral groups and bands. During their leisure time, American kids spend much time watching television, listening to music or playing computer games, but many also have after school jobs. One recent study indicated that nine out of 10 teenagers said they either had a job or would like one. Child labor laws set restrictions on the types of work that youths under 16 years can do. Many youths work part-time on weekends or after school at fast-food restaurants, baby-sit for neighbors, hold delivery jobs or work in stores. Many youths are also involved in community service organizations or are active in church and religious-group activities. Other belong to youth groups such as Girl Scouts or Boy Scouts, were they learn about citizenship, arts, camping and other outdoor activities. Thousands of young Americans volunteer to help take care of the elderly, the handicapped and hospital patients, or help clean up the environment. Even though for most American children and teenagers life today is nearly free of serious conflict, young people are still under many types of stress. Peer pressure, changing family conditions, mobility of families, unemploymentShow MoreRelatedMy Grandfather And My Grandmother Essay1359 Words   |  6 PagesMy American roots are made up of my families traditions and history. I interviewed two family members, my grandfather and my grandmother. Each one brings a different background which made them the best option. American roots are a built by families. Each family has its own traditions and ideals. For my gr andparents, their American roots were built completely different from each other. Family has a major impact on an individual s life, it is the starting point of ones American roots. My American rootsRead MoreThe Namesake, A Winner Of The Pulitzer Prize, By Jhumpa Lahiri1026 Words   |  5 Pagesof culture clash between American and Indian tradition. As the story transitions, the theme is exhibit by the struggles the Ganguli family went through in America such as Gogol’s name, influence Indian traditions into the Gangulis lives of the children, and the failures in the love affairs Gogol faced. The novel and film The Namesake both do one excellent job portraying the growth in culture of two traditions expanding within society in the American and Indian traditions. To be more exact, throughoutRead MoreHeritage Assessment1611 Words   |  7 PagesThe Influence of Heritage on Current Culture Evaluation of how family subscribes to these traditions and practices is offered in detail, while offering insight and/or reflection.It is essential for nurses to provide culturally sensitive care to each and every patient in order to establish repor and maintain a safe working relationship with each individual. To provide culturally sensitive care to a nurses patient’s he or she must first assess their own beliefs, values, and culture at large. 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Gareth Stokes’s work Robots vs Humans Free Essays

AI and the Future of the Workplace talks about the possibilities of replacing human workers with robots in the near future. Robotisation has the capability to affect employment, reallocate human workers and change business operations as it will play an increasing role in the workplace, making unemployment a big concern in the industry. Businesses need to introduce smaller AI components on their system to be able to get used to the technology and be able to adapt to newer AIs easily. We will write a custom essay sample on Gareth Stokes’s work Robots vs Humans? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Stokes said that AI is an opportunity to explore new things and it should not be feared. He also said that it will generate more opportunities for employment as workers are needed to coach, assist and enhance the thriving AI and machine learning industries. On the other hand, businesses may experience cultural change after the implantation of robots in the workplace and it requires strong leadership to make AI an opportunity and not a threat. Reskilling of employees is also needed for businesses to be able to keep up with technology’s demands and focus their employees on skills that cannot be done by computers. AI’s effect and role on the business industry depends on how people perceive, welcome and approach its idea. Based on what I’ve read I was thinking that AI is not designed with the idea of replacing human workers. Stokes said that robotisation will play a major role in the workplace and we all know that the workplace is composed of human workers. If robotisation is to be embedded in the industry, there is a high possibility of rise in unemployment. Having robots in the system is an edge for businesses since AI has these capabilities that are beyond the human capacity. With the existence of robots, human workers will be of little to no use for businesses and it can result to unemployment. Stokes also said that AI is not something to automatically fear and I am quite disturbed with this remark because it has this tone of finality and I believe that you cannot simply say that AI should not be feared. AI may be an opportunity for businesses to thrive but for employees, AI means being replaced by technology and eventually, unemployment. How to cite Gareth Stokes’s work Robots vs Humans?, Papers

Stress Fracture Of Lumbar Spine Sample †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Stress Fracture Of Lumbar Spine. Answer: Introduction This report is based on football-associated stress fracture of the lumbar spine. Football is the worlds most loved game. Its history dates back to more than a century. It began in the year 1863 when Football Association of England was first formed. It was the first body formed to govern the sports (Walvin, 2014). The earliest form of the game dates back to the Han dynasty of China. Another variation of the game originated in the Far East as well and this was named the Kemari, which originated in Japan. Moreover, the Greeks and the Romans also had other variations to this game like the Episkryos and the Harpastum, respectively (Ryynnen, 2015). In 1882, the football related associations in England collaborated to create the International Football Association Board (IFAB). FIFA was established in the year 1904 in Paris and it became a part of IFAB in the year 1913. At that time, FIFA had only 7 countries as its members but now it consists of 208 members. This game involves the participa tion of 11 players from each team. The players need to maneuver the ball and hit it inside the oppositions goal post. This game involves the skillful use of ones legs and feet and as a result, it is associated with a number of injuries (Sorez, 2012). Knee injuries are the most common form of injuries associated with football. Knee injuries involve the anterior cruciate ligament and the medial collateral ligament injuries. Others include ankle sprains, torn meniscus, torn hamstrings, muscle contusions, shoulder dislocation and shoulder tendinitis (Whittaker et al., 2015). Stress fracture of the lumbar spine is another type of injury associated with football. This is medically known as Spondylolysis. It is caused due to overuse of ones lower back. It is the most common form of injury to the lower back associated with various games including football. It occurs in the lowermost lumbar vertebra named L5 (Kobayashi et al., 2013). The L5 is situated at the junction of the lumbar spine and the pelvis. This part remains highly stresses during various physical activities, which involves continuous moving and maneuvering. Heavy muscular forces can cause the micro fractures in the lumbar spine. It involves severe pain in the lower back. Thi s causes restrictions in the movement of the player (Murthy, 2012). This report describes the football-associated injury termed Spondylolysis or stress fracture of lumbar spine. Firstly, it provides a classification of stress fractures, diagnosis and the causes associated with this type of injury. Secondly, it provides treatment and rehabilitation programs. Lastly, it provides a prevention measures associated with the injury. Classification and Diagnosis Lumbar spine provides support and stability to the upper part of the body. An injury to this region changes the lumbar vertebral shape, thereby affecting the posture. Spondylolysis can be classified as (1) dysplastic, which is usually congenital, (2) degenerative, which is generally associated with old age, (3) isthmic, which is usually associated with sports, (4) traumatic, which occurs following previous fractures and (5) pathologic, which involves either a localized or generalized disease of the bone. Dysplastic spondylolysis occurs as a result of abnormalities present in the pper scarum or it involves the arch present in the L5. Isthmic Spondylolysis occurs because of lesion development, which can cause a lytic-fatige fracture of pars. Degenerative spondylolysis involves instability of the pars segments (Long Whang, 2015). X-Rays are not useful to detect early stages of stress fractures of the lumbar spine. X-rays can only detect them at the late stages when it is beyond treatment. A radiograph helps to identify compression fracture of the vertebra (Cicala et al., 2013). It also helps to determine the height loss of the vertebra, increase in distance between the pedicles, alignment of the vertebra, among others. However, various scanning techniques can be used to diagnose stress fractures. These are magnetic resonance imaging or MRI, Computed Tomography scan or CT-Scan or a simple bone scan. However, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography or SPECT is superior to both CT and MRI in the detection of Spondylolysis (Patel et al., 2016). SPECT and CT reveals the presence of number of lesions detected in the pars interarticularis. Unilateral spondylolysis involves the presence of increased bone uptake and sclerosis in the contralateral part of the pars interarticularis as observed by SPECT and CT. Advanc ed stages result in the presence of sclerosis and pedicle, lamina overgrowth. MRI reveals the presence of bony edema, which helps to determine the age of the fracture. CT scan helps to determine the bone anatomy like height loss, canal compromise and fragment retropulsion (Elgazzar, 2017). High amount pressure on the lower vertebra can give rise to stress fractures. This results in the formation of tiny cracks in the lower vertebra, particularly the L5 or the fifth lumbar vertebra. This results in lower back pain as a result of rotation, extension and flexion movements. These movements affect the posterior portions of the spinal column, resulting in the formation of micro fractures in the bone (Gellhorn Katz Suri, 2013). It is particularly observed in young sports players. Overextending or overstretching of the lower back can give rise to can give rise to a lot of stress. These are common among weight lifters, gymnasts and footballers (Sasaji, 2016). Overuse of back muscles results in fatigue and results in its inability to absorb shocks. Repetitive shocks can give rise to tiny cracks in the vertebrae. Chronic pain in the lower back is the most common symptom. This may result from compressive or mechanical pain. Spondylolysis can also lead to Spondylolisthesis. This r esults in slippage of one vertebra over the other. The resulting slipped vertebra can put pressure on the spinal canal space, thereby constraining the nerves (Raastad et al., 2015). This pressure can also lead to back, leg and hip pain. It can also result in numbness of the feet. Other factors that can cause stress fractures are the genetic constitution of an individual and osteoporosis. Treatment and Rehabilitation An effective and acute treatment program is needed for players suffering from stress fractures of the lumbar spine. The treatment usually begins after diagnosis and involves advocating of complete rest to the athlete. The player is needed to stop the various routine exercises and any movements that may cause in pain development. If the pain continues after 3 weeks, it means that the player in getting insufficient rest or may need the support of a back brace. Back braces help to maintain the proper positioning of the back in order to speed up the healing process (Lee et al., 2012). Periodic X-Rays are needed to determine if the back is in proper position. If non-surgical treatment does not help to keep the back in proper position, a spinal fusion is recommended. In this procedure, screws and rods are used which helps to keep the vertebra in the proper position alongside the healing process. This in turn helps to stop the motion of a a vertebral segment, thereby reducing the pain (Wu e t al., 2012). However, there are risks involved with this procedure, which involves infection, bleeding, blood vessel injury and poor healing of wounds. Moreover, ibuprofen, which is an inhibitor of inflammation, can be used to heal the pain. Apart from the use of various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), muscle relaxants can also be used (Patrick, Emanski Knaub, 2016). Medications directed against narcotic pain and against neuropathic pain (like tricyclic antidepressants) can be used. Other techniques for treatment of pain involve analgesic patches, which are localized and intercostals nerve blocks or transcutaneous nerve stimulatory units (Wong McGirt, 2013). The rehabilitation program begins after the treatment phase. If the pain subsides and the player is able to perform daily activities, the athlete is allowed to progress to the rehabilitation program. The rehabilitation program begins in the second month after diagnosis, since the first month is associated with various surgical or non-surgical treatments. The rehabilitation program is characterized by physical therapy with the help of an experienced physiotherapist (Peterson Renstrom, 2016). Physical therapy involves various exercises like the lumbar and core exercises for stabilization, core exercises for generation of core stability, exercises that strengthen the legs and the hips. Other exercises involve postural taping, soft tissue massaging and Spinal Proprioceptive Extension Exercise Dynamic Program (SPEED) (Papa, 2012). Moreover, these exercises also help to make the muscles flexible to allow proper movement. Exercise programs can also be designed to enable the players to prac tice at home. Activities that provide lesser amounts of stress can be introduced. However, activities that put a lot of pressure on the spine like rotation or back arching is avoided. If the player is able to carry out the physical therapy and the low stress activities, then they are allowed to progress to the third phase of the rehabilitation program. The third phase involves continuation of the exercise programs both at home and at the rehabilitation center. Physical therapy exercises are also increased. The players are allowed to return to their sports, however, it is a gradual and progressive return, which involves a set of parameters and guidelines set out by the medical practitioner or physiotherapist (Garet et al., 2013). However, participation in the sport should not be carried out on consecutive days. On reoccurrence of pain, the activities and exercises are needed to be reduced. Prevention measures Stress fracture of the lumbar spine usually causes lower back pain that occurs on one side of the back rather than the center (Lotz, Fields Liebenberg, 2013). It occurs as a mild pain in the beginning and progresses to chronic pain following activities like jumping, running, kicking, among others. This is mostly common among young athletes like footballers. However, various preventative measures can be followed to avoid the development of stress fractures in the lumbar spine. These are: Maintenance of good physical condition during off seasons and not overexerting oneself during the peak seasons. Activities that require high impact like jumping, running, rotation and back arching should be increased in a gradual manner. It is necessary to take day-offs in order to give rest to the back muscles and the body as a whole. It is necessary to avoid participating in the sport throughout the year, as it puts a lot of pressure on the muscles and the vertebra. Maintenance of good flexibility of the hip and hamstring flexors, strength of the core, lumbar and abdominal muscles. Female athletes should be checked to determine their bone mass density (BMD), which helps to understand the quality of their bone health (Chen, Tenforde Fredericson, 2013). Calcium and Vitamin D supplementation can also help to prevent stress fracture. Orthotic devices can prevent lower back stress fractures by shock absorptions. Insoles that absorb shocks are very effective in preventing stress fractures (Kendall, Bird Azari, 2014). Other injuries like those in the ankle can be prevented by the use of balance boards and proprioceptive training. Strengthening programs help to reduce hamstring, knee and groin sprains. Conclusion Lumbar spine generally provides support to the entire upper part of the body. However, continuous strains on the lower vertebra, particularly L5 can give rise to the generation of small fractures. Continuous pressure through various exercises and continuous tournaments lead to the development of a large number of these micro fractures, which eventually results in inability of the vertebrae to absorb shocks causing pain of the lower back. Initially mild pain ensues, which then progresses to severe and chronic pain. The player is unable to carry out normal movements and carry on with their game. With the appearance of mild pain, it is essential for the player to consult a medical practitioner for proper diagnosis. Diagnosis generally involves X-rays, radiographs, MRI, CT scan, SPECT, among others. Such stress fractures of the lumbar spine are generally observed among the athletes who perform gymnastics, weight lifting, footballers, and cricketers, among others. Such athletes require ro tation and arching of their backs continuously. Various treatments that are available involve proper rest and consumption of NSAIDs, in order to relieve the pain. However, back braces can also be used. Surgical treatments involve the spinal fusion technique, which employs screws and rods to keep the vertebra in proper position, preventing it from slipping. Following treatment, the athlete is advised to participate in a rehabilitation program, which involves physical therapy under the guidance of an experienced physiotherapist. Moreover, it involves various exercises that help to stabilize and strengthen the core, lumbar, legs and hip muscles. Other techniques are postural taping, soft tissue massage and SPEED programs. However, it is necessary for the athletes to prevent such occurrence of stress fractures in the future. The athlete needs to provide sufficient rest to his/her body in order to prevent stress. Nutritional supplementations like calcium and vitamin D helps to prevent st ress fractures of the lumbar spine. Moreover, orthotic devices are also known to prevent development of stress fractures in the future. Thus, from the above discussions it can be concluded that stress fractures if severe and not diagnosed properly can give rise to serious consequences and affect the ability of the athlete to participate in the game in the future. References Chen, Y. T., Tenforde, A. S., Fredericson, M. (2013). Update on stress fractures in female athletes: epidemiology, treatment, and prevention.Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine,6(2), 173-181. Cicala, D., Briganti, F., Casale, L., Rossi, C., Cagini, L., Cesarano, E., Giganti, M. (2013). Atraumatic vertebral compression fractures: differential diagnosis between benign osteoporotic and malignant fractures by MRI.Musculoskeletal surgery,97(2), 169-179. Elgazzar, A. H. (2017). Diagnosis of Traumatic Disorders. InOrthopedic Nuclear Medicine(pp. 147-189). Springer, Cham. Garet, M., Reiman, M. P., Mathers, J., Sylvain, J. (2013). Nonoperative treatment in lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis: a systematic review.Sports health,5(3), 225-232. Gellhorn, A. C., Katz, J. N., Suri, P. (2013). Osteoarthritis of the spine: the facet joints.Nature Reviews Rheumatology,9(4), 216-224. Kendall, J. C., Bird, A. R., Azari, M. F. (2014). Foot posture, leg length discrepancy and low back painTheir relationship and clinical management using foot orthosesAn overview.The Foot,24(2), 75-80. Kobayashi, A., Kobayashi, T., Kato, K., Higuchi, H., Takagishi, K. (2013). Diagnosis of radiographically occult lumbar spondylolysis in young athletes by magnetic resonance imaging.The American journal of sports medicine,41(1), 169-176. Lee, H. M., Park, S. Y., Lee, S. H., Suh, S. W., Hong, J. Y. (2012). Comparative analysis of clinical outcomes in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs): conservative treatment versus balloon kyphoplasty.The Spine Journal,12(11), 998-1005. Long III, W. D., Whang, P. G. (2014). Adult Spondylolysis and Isthmic Spondylolisthesis. InSpine Surgery Basics(pp. 229-238). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Lotz, J. C., Fields, A. J., Liebenberg, E. C. (2013). The role of the vertebral end plate in low back pain.Global spine journal,3(03), 153-164. Murthy, N. S. (2012). Imaging of stress fractures of the spine.Radiologic clinics of North America,50(4), 799-821. Papa, J. A. (2012). Conservative management of a lumbar compression fracture in an osteoporotic patient: a case report.The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association,56(1), 29. Patel, N. D., Broderick, D. F., Burns, J., Deshmukh, T. K., Fries, I. B., Harvey, H. B., OToole, J. E. (2016). ACR appropriateness criteria low back pain.Journal of the American College of Radiology,13(9), 1069-1078. Patrick, N., Emanski, E., Knaub, M. A. (2016). Acute and chronic low back pain.Medical Clinics of North America,100(1), 169-181. Peterson, L., Renstrom, P. A. (2016).Sports Injuries: Prevention, Treatment and Rehabilitation. CRC Press. Raastad, J., Reiman, M., Coeytaux, R., Ledbetter, L., Goode, A. P. (2015, April). The association between lumbar spine radiographic features and low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. InSeminars in arthritis and rheumatism(Vol. 44, No. 5, pp. 571-585). WB Saunders. Ryynnen, J. (2015).The influence of match events on injury incidence during male World Cup football-Epidemiological studies and video analysis of injuries. Sasaji, T., Imaizumi, H., Takano, H., Saitoh, H., Murakami, T., Kanabuchi, R., Sekiya, M. (2016). Sacral Stress Fracture following the Bone Union of Lumbar Spondylolysis.Case reports in medicine,2016. Sorez, J. (2012). A History of Football in Paris: Challenges Faced by Sport Practised within a Capital City (18901940).The International Journal of the History of Sport,29(8), 1125-1140. Walvin, J. (2014).The people's game: the history of football revisited. Random House. Whittaker, J. L., Woodhouse, L. J., Nettel-Aguirre, A., Emery, C. A. (2015). Outcomes associated with early post-traumatic osteoarthritis and other negative health consequences 310 years following knee joint injury in youth sport.Osteoarthritis and cartilage,23(7), 1122-1129. Wong, C. C., McGirt, M. J. (2013). Vertebral compression fractures: a review of current management and multimodal therapy.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare,6, 205. Wu, Z. X., Gong, F. T., Liu, L., Ma, Z. S., Zhang, Y., Zhao, X., Sang, H. X. (2012). A comparative study on screw loosening in osteoporotic lumbar spine fusion between expandable and conventional pedicle screws.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery,132(4), 471-476.